Heat Pump Efficiency Ratings & Factors
The efficiency of an air-source heat pump is measured primarily by two key metrics:
- Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER): Measures cooling efficiency over a typical cooling season. Higher SEER ratings indicate better energy efficiency.
- Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF): Measures heating efficiency over a typical heating season. A higher HSPF means the unit is more effective at extracting heat from the outside air.
Types of Air-Source Heat Pumps & Their Efficiency Differences
Heat pumps aren’t created equally, and each type comes with its own pros and cons. The four main types of heat pumps are standard, cold-climate, variable-speed, and ductless mini-split models.
Standard Air-Source Heat Pumps
These are the most common type and operate efficiently in moderate climates. They work best when temperatures remain above freezing but may lose efficiency in extremely cold weather.
Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps (ccASHP)
Designed to perform efficiently in colder regions, ccASHPs use advanced compressor technology and improved refrigerants to maintain higher efficiency at lower temperatures. Efficiency advantages include:
- Optimized for heating even at subzero temperatures
- Higher HSPF ratings compared to standard ASHPs
- Require less auxiliary heating, reducing overall energy costs
Variable-Speed (Inverter) Heat Pumps
Unlike traditional single-stage or two-stage heat pumps, variable-speed models adjust their output dynamically to match the heating or cooling needs of the home. Efficiency advantages include:
- Operate at lower power for longer periods, reducing energy consumption
- Provide more consistent indoor temperatures
- Higher SEER and HSPF ratings compared to fixed-speed models
Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps
As their name implies, ductless mini-split systems do not require ductwork and provide zone-based heating and cooling, making them highly efficient in homes without central air systems. Efficiency advantages include:
- Eliminate duct-related heat loss
- Offer individual room temperature control for better efficiency
- Typically have high SEER and HSPF ratings
How to Choose the Right Air-Source Heat Pump
When selecting an ASHP, we encourage our customers to consider the following:
- Climate: If you live in a colder region, a cold-climate ASHP or variable-speed model may be the best choice.
- Energy Savings: Higher SEER and HSPF ratings typically mean greater long-term savings on energy bills.
- Home Setup: Ductless mini-splits are ideal for homes without existing ductwork, while variable-speed units offer superior comfort and efficiency in any setup.
A Mini-Split Heat Pump Client Success Story
“When we began researching AC and heating options for our home, we felt a mini-split was the best choice for us. Our daughter has asthma which has been exacerbated by using oil heat and window AC units which are nearly impossible to keep clean and allow a lot of allergen-filled air into our home.
The cost for us was a no-brainer. We calculated that between expected reduced medical costs, not using oil heat, and reduced overall energy costs we would be even on the investment in 5 years. We also spoke with a realtor who felt we would likely get nearly the entire cost back in resale value.
Since installing the system our daughter has not been hospitalized or needed emergency treatment for her asthma when prior to the system we were averaging two ER visits and at least one hospitalization per year. Overall our allergies are way down! And sleep quality is hugely improved.
The quality of life this system has brought us is unmatched. The estimate and install process with AirMaster was really seamless.”
– Regina C.
Expert Heat Pump Installation in the Philadelphia Area
Air-source heat pumps provide an energy-efficient way to heat and cool homes, but efficiency varies depending on the type of unit. By understanding the differences between standard, cold-climate, variable-speed, and ductless mini-split models, homeowners can make informed choices that maximize comfort and energy savings. Specifically, in Philadelphia neighborhoods like South Philly, Mt. Airy, Chestnut Hill, Germantown, ductless mini splits can be a great way to heat and cool a home that has no ductwork. Here at AirMaster Heating & Cooling Specialists we are proficient in these types of heat pump installations. If you’re interested in learning more, contact our team for a consultation!
